Military tactics of Imam Khomeini in confrontation with Iraq

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
hamid basiratmanesh 1
mohammad Ali judaki 2
roqaye keshavarz 3
1 Assisant professor, Departement of History, Reserch Insitute of Imam khomeini and Islamic Revolution, Tehran. I.R.Iran
2 PhD student in post-Islamic Iranian history
3 Master of Islamic History
Abstract
At the beginning of the imposed war in September 1221 , Iran entered the most important crisis after the Islamic revolution. Imam Khomeini, as the Islamic Revolution leader of Iran, took control of this war and managed the affairs. The purpose of this paper is to investigate Imam Khomeini's military tactics in confronting the invasion of Iraq in the eight-year period of holy defense. The main question of this research is that what was the role of Imam Khomeini in the management of imposed war. The hypothesis of this paper is that the management of imam has been made up of his valued framework as the political and spiritual leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Consultation and contribution of military experts and role of coordinator of political and public forces was a prominent feature of the revolution leader management. Using historical methods and documentary analysis, this query looking for that explains the military dimensions of imam’s tactics in the midst of the imposed war management. On the basis of the findings of this study, Imam Khomeini as the chief commander of all the forces from the early days of the invasion of Iraq to Iran, considered the war as a phenomenon that could threaten the Islamic Republic and the foundation of Islam. He managed the issue of war and defense against the enemy's invasion as an individual who was faithful to the principles and foundations of ideal goals. His military tactics was in the line of assigning professional tasks of the war to the military experts: Supervising the trend of war developments in defense fields, the role of Coordinator, the coordinationof armed forces and especially the ability to mobilize people's forces can be clarified. Efforts to strengthen the Revolutionary Guards and the use of combat and defensive power of this force were also the main military tactics of leader of the revolution.
Keywords
Imposed war
Imam Khomeini
military tactics
crisis management
coordination and harmony
References
A) Book & Article
- Afzali, rasoul and amir mohsenzadegan (2018): investigation about military tactics of Imam Khomeini from point of view of domestic pundits, Tehran: center of documents and researches pf holy defense. (In Persian)
- Aghabakhshi, Ali and minoo afhariraad (2007): political culture, Tehran: chapaar. (In Persian)
- Beheshti, seyed Mohammad hossein (1998): theoretical foundations of constitutional law, Tehran: center for publication of works and thoughts martyr ayatollah Beheshti. (In Persian)
- Center for arrangement and publishing of imam khomini’s (1998): Imam and holy defense: memoirs from militants and commanders of troops of Islam, Tehran: center for arrangement and publishing of imam khomini’s works, orouj institution of print and publishing. (In Persian)
- Darvishi se tallani, farhaad (2006): war of Iran and Iraq questions and Answers, Tehran: guard corps of Islamic revolution, center for studies and researches of the war. (In Persian)
- Doroudian, Mohammad (1383): beginning till the end, an investigation in war of Iran and Iraq, Tehran: center for studies and researches of the war. (In Persian)
- Forootani, Zahra (2008): fundamental of strategic decisions of Imam Khomeini, Tehran: institute of imam Khomeini and Islamic revolution. (In Persian)
- Ghafaari jaahed, Maryam (2007): “The role of women in fiction literature of Holy Defense”, Fiction literature Journal, No. 113, January.
- Gold, Julius and William.l, colb (1997): dictionary of social science, translated by mostafaa azkya and the others, Tehran: mazyar. (In Persian)
- Hadis_e_vellayat (1996): collection of guidances of supreme leader, Tehran: office of spreading of Islamic culture. (In Persian)
- Khodsiani, mostafaa, hadi moraad piri and esmaeil Ahmadi (2012):“Investigating the role of military leadership and commandership in Holy Defense and future war, from Supreme War commanders”, Journal of Defense Policy, Twentieth year, No. 81. (In Persian)
- Khomeini, rouhollah (1983): sahife noor, hehran: ershaad publishing. (In Persian)
- Khomeini, rouhollah (2010): sahife imam, Tehran: center for arrangement and publication of Imam Khomeini’s works. (In Persian)
- Management of utilization of center for studies and researches of the war (2008): kheybar operation: possession of majnoon islands (planning, enforcement, results, reflexes), Tehran: center for studies and researches of the war. (In Persian)
- Marandi, Mehdi (1383): army from point of view of Imam Khomeini, Tehran: center for arrangement and publication of Imam Khomeini’s works. (In Persian)
- Marandi, mehdi and davoud soleymani (1383): holy defense (imposed war) in thought of Imam Khomeini, Tehran: center for arrangement and publication of Imam Khomeini’s works. (In Persian)
- Nikjoo, aliehsaan and zohreh aghababaei (2006): an observation on origins and foundations of military management of Islamic Iran in eight years holy defense, Tehran: naghsh_e_bayan. (In Persian)
- Parsaadoust, Manouchehr (2006): we and Iraq, from far past till today: invasion of Iraq, consequences, end of the war and events after that, Tehran: company of sharing publication. (In Persian)
- Sheydaiian, hossein (2007); spiritual and cultural factors of holy defense: leadership of Imam Khomeini. (In Persian)
 
B) Press
-  Information newspaper, 1359/8/5.
-  Keyhan newspaper, 1360/12/2.
- hope of revolution magazine, number 137, September 1365.
- Information newspaper, 1359/7/22.
- Interview with Major General of Revolutionary Guard Mohsen Rezaei information newspaper, 1364/7/6